Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2019 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 6 Articles
Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a highly invasive form of cancer in cats.\nIn human OSCC, cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) contributes to inflammation and tumor\ninvasiveness. CD147 is a potential therapeutic target, but the expression of CD147 in feline OSCC\nhas not been examined. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine if cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2)\nand CD147 expression in feline OSCC biopsies was coordinated. Tumor cells were more likely to\nexpress COX-2 (22/43 cases or 51%) compared to stroma (8/43 or 19%) and adjacent oral epithelium\n(9/31 cases or 29%) (p < 0.05). CD147 was also more likely to occur in tumor cells compared to stroma\nand adjacent mucosa, with 21/43 (49%) of cases having >50% tumor cells with mild or moderate\nCD147 expression, compared to 9/28 (32%) in adjacent epithelium and only 5/43 (12%) in adjacent\nstroma (p < 0.05). In feline OSCC cell lines (SCCF1, SCCF2, and SCCF3), CD147 gene expression\nwas more consistently expressed compared to COX-2, which was 60-fold higher in SCCF2 cells\ncompared to SCCF1 cells (p < 0.05). CD147 expression did not correlate with COX-2 expression and\nprostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion, indicating that they may be independently regulated. CD147\npotentially represents a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of feline OSCC and further study\nof CD147 is warranted....
The incidence of canine mammary carcinoma varies with age, breed, and spay status, being\namong the main tumors appearing in intact female dogs. Thirty-six canine mammary carcinoma patients received injections of canine interferon ..(....) and HSV-thymidine kinase/ganciclovir\n(HSV-tk/GCV) carrying lipoplexes, into the tumor bed, immediately after surgery. Next, they started\nperiodic subcutaneous injections of lipoplexes carrying a human granulocyte-macrophage colony\nstimulating factor and interleukin-2 mixed with allogeneic mammary carcinoma extracts. This combined\nstrategy was safe and well tolerated. In addition, only two out of 26 patients treated with complete\nsurgery developed a local relapse, and 0 out of 29 stage II and III patients displayed distant metastases,\nsuggesting both local and systemic antitumor activities. The most encouraging result was the long\nsurvival times: 22 > 1 year (where 13 > 2 and 4 > 3 years), while maintaining a good quality of life.\nThe preliminary results in five patients presenting with local disease, an additional HSV-tk/GCV plus cIFN .. gene treatment induced local antitumor activity, evidenced by four objective responses\n(one complete, three partial) and one stable disease. This successful outcome supports further studies to\nvalidate this approach not only for canine veterinary patients, but also for translation to human patients....
A two-year-old, intact female Scottish Terrier presented with one-and-a-half-year history of\nerosive and ulcerative lesions affecting the nasal planum. Clinical appearance, history, histopathology,\nand response to therapy were suggestive of a rare vasculopathy of the nasal planum that has been\npreviously described in Scottish Terrier dogs. In previously published reports, medical treatments of\nthe disease had failed, leading to euthanasia of five dogs, while a short-term follow-up was available\nfor one case that was controlled with prednisolone and ciclosporin. The dog reported herein was\nsuccessfully treated with medical therapy consisting initially of a combination of ciclosporin and\nprednisolone and endonasal stents applied over the first six months. Stents were inserted in order\nto prevent abnormal scarring and nostril stenosis. More than one and a half years after diagnosis,\nthe dog is still being administered ciclosporin once daily, breathes normally, and has an optimal\nquality of life....
Influenza viruses are among the major infectious disease threats of animal and human\nhealth. This review examines the recent discovery of novel influenza viruses in bats and cattle,\nthe evolving complexity of influenza virus host range including the ability to cross species barriers\nand geographic boundaries, and implications to animal and human health....
For veterinary medications administered per os , animal health companies\nstrive to develop highly palatable dosage forms that are voluntarily accepted\nby animals to improve compliance and convenience. Achieving high palatability\nis often complex and difficult even without the presence of an active ingredient.\nThis work compared acceptance and preference studies, as standardized\nmethods are not established for informing formulation development or\nfor more routine testing. Formulation development was followed by an acceptance\nstudy completed with laboratory Beagle dogs. One acceptance study\nand one preference study were completed in mixed breed dogs, also laboratory-\nhoused, to gain wider representation of dog breed and age. Through\nthese studies, we have evaluated both formulation parameters and palatability\nstudy conduct. In general, more complex palatants that have appealing taste,\nsmell, and mouth feel enhance voluntary uptake. However, dosage forms that\nare too chewy may not be freely consumed even with complex palatants. The\naddition of aroma can entice dogs to prehend the tablet, as observed in one\npreference study. Preference studies in the veterinary pharmaceutical field\nidentify the preferred first choice or first prehend, but not which product will\nbe routinely voluntarily and fully consumed. Acceptance studies with cross-over\ntreatment groups are used to quantify the full consumption of a dosage form\nwhen a dog is not given two choices at once. Since all dogs in acceptance studies\nare offered all treatment groups throughout the study, a comparison between\ndegrees of consumption could suggest that one formulation might be\npreferred over another....
Object. To investigate effects of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) related blockade in sepsis animals. Methods. Two reviewers\nindependently searched electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library up to February 2017. Strict\nliterature retrieval and data extraction were performed to extract relevant data. Data analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3\nsoftware and Stata version 12.0. And relative risks (RRs) for survival rate were calculated. A fixed-effectmodel was selected to pool\nand a forest plot was used to display RRs. Results. Four studies involving 394 animals were finally included. Nine control groups\nare used to pool. A fixed-effect model was applied to estimate a pooled RR of 2.19 (95% CI: 1.74â??2.76), indicating that PD-1 related\nblockade increased survival rate in sepsis animals. Conclusion. We concluded that PD-1 related blockade can improve survival of\nanimals with sepsis. But robust standardized clinical experiments for sepsis patients are highly desirable.\n1. Introduction\nSepsis is a complication caused by a disorder of host response\nto infection. Septic shock is a serious disease characterized\nby circulatory and cellular/metabolic dysfunction which is\nassociated with a higher risk of mortality [1]. Not only is\nsepsis an important health and economic issue worldwide,\nbut it is also a condition that is associated with morbidity\nand mortality in many hospitals. Moreover, the quality of\nlife for the survivors of sepsis is impaired [2]. Over the\npast few decades, although antibiotics and fluid resuscitation\nhave been used to counter sepsis widely, it remains the third\nmost common disease that results in death in the United\nStates [3] and there is an urgent need to develop novel\ntherapies to treat sepsis [4]. Evidence from previous studies\nhas indicated that, after the initial proinflammatory phase,\nsepsis is assumed to be severe immunosuppression, which is\nan important cause of deterioration in patients [5]. Several\nimmunopathologic mechanisms have been reported to be\ninvolved in sepsis-induced immune alterations affecting both\ninnate and adaptive immunities [6]. Therefore, inhibiting\nthese immunopathologic alterations is widely...
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